Diseases & Conditions

Easy-to-understand answers about diseases and conditions

search
A-Z
Find diseases & conditions by first letter
Filter
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
  • #
I
  • IgA nephropathy

    IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger disease, is a kidney disease. It occurs when the kidneys accumulate a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) that fights germs. This leads to inflammation, causing swelling that can make it difficult for the kidneys to filter waste from the blood over time. IgA nephropathy typically progresses slowly over the years, but its course varies from person to person. Some people experience blood leakage into their urine without any other issues, while others may suffer complications, including kidney function loss and protein spillage into urine. Some individuals may develop kidney failure, which means the kidneys cease to work effectively enough to filter the body’s waste. There is no cure for IgA nephropathy, but medication can slow its progression. Some people may require treatment to decrease inflammation, reduce protein spillage into the urine, and prevent kidney failure. Such therapies may help the disease become inactive, a condition known as remission. Keeping blood pressure under control and lowering cholesterol levels can also slow the disease’s progression.

  • Illness anxiety disorder

    Excessive worrying about serious illness or believing minor symptoms indicate a severe illness is known as illness anxiety disorder, hypochondriasis, or health anxiety. Even after a medical examination, no serious medical condition may be found, despite the belief that physical symptoms are associated with a specific, serious illness. This anxiety can cause severe distress, disrupting daily life. Illness anxiety disorder is a long-term condition that may fluctuate in severity with age or during stress. However, psychotherapy and medication can help ease worries. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) no longer recognises hypochondriasis as a separate diagnosis. Instead, individuals previously diagnosed with hypochondriasis may now be diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder, which focuses on fear and worry related to uncomfortable or unusual physical sensations that could indicate a severe medical condition. Somatic symptom disorder, a related disorder, is characterised by the focus on the disabling nature of physical symptoms such as pain or dizziness without the accompanying worry of a specific illness.

  • Idiopathic hypersomnia

    Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, even after a restful night’s sleep, and an unexplained urge to sleep at any given moment. It is also associated with difficulty in waking up after sleeping and experiencing confusion upon awakening. Unlike typical naps, which typically refresh, naps for those with idiopathic hypersomnia often provide little relief and can lead to disorientation upon waking. This disorder can manifest unexpectedly, posing risks such as drowsiness while driving or working. The onset of idiopathic hypersomnia is gradual, and its diagnosis involves excluding more common sleep disorders. Managing this condition involves utilizing medication to mitigate symptoms and regain control over one’s wakefulness.

July
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2025
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
SunMonTueWedThuFriSat
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
July
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2025
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
SunMonTueWedThuFriSat
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
July
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2025
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
SunMonTueWedThuFriSat
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
July
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2025
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
SunMonTueWedThuFriSat
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00